The “Restoring Climate” Book
Was first published in 2020. It had the same structure and most of the content of the last edition of 2024, which outstandingly introduces a highly beneficial method of land and regional climate restoration.
These books are based on Dorin Preda’s expertise in coastal processes, meteorology-hydrology, heat transfer and solar energy. They demonstrate how deforestation from prehistoric times to the present has destabilized the global water cycle, leading to fires, floods, desertification and climate change.
Some concepts from these books are used in the CCCT, which improves them and adds new concepts, methods and results according to the requirements of the theory.
The decrease in evaporation due to vegetation clearing overheates the ground and the air (the source of global warming), which is amplified by the greenhouse effect.
Conceptual simulations and reality checks allow understanding the role of water and how to use it to restore regional climate.
It is explained why building in forest clearings leads to very intense forest fires.
New heat transfer analyses and realistic quantitative estimations increase confidence in our ability of restoring the regional and global climates by re-balancing the regional and global water cycle.
Albedo should only be used when considering all relevant parameters, otherwise it would appear that vegetation would warm the Earth, while this study demonstrates that trees are the most powerful coolers.
It is shown how water produces stronger cooling than its greenhouse effect. Trees have the greatest capacity to extract and evaporate water.
The first requirement is to stop net deforestation and forest fires, thus soil erosion and the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
The second step is to start revegetation of intertropical areas to sequester carbon and re-balance the climate. Revegetation of the Middle East and North Africa will cool and stop floods in Europe, will decrease the overheating of the Arctic and might decrease Atlantic hurricanes.
Australia has a great capacity to recover from its artificial state of “the driest continent” because the surrounding oceans send humid winds above it. Through the proper revegetation method described in the book we can increase precipitation and transform Australia back into a bio-diverse, but also highly agriculturally productive and beautiful continent.
If South America, Africa and Australian vegetation is improved with these methods, ocean evaporated water will reinstate the intertropical precipitation regime. Repairing the water cycle will stop present devastating droughts, forest fires and floods, restore regional climates and improve the global one.
The book discusses and suggests solutions for: Maroc, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Central Africa, USA, Australia, South America, Indonesia, and Somalia. Global climate would re-balance and the European climate would be substantially improved if North Africa and Australia would be revegetated for the benefit of both hemispheres. Australia especially has an Outstanding Climate and Business Opportunity.
The book brings new concepts for the understanding of climate, agriculture, applied climate restoration, nature conservation, land management, transportation, urban planning and architecture. It provides achievable solutions for improving the climate, economy and general wellbeing of people.
Acquiring the Book
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The Technical Summary
Has hyperlinks in the eBook for easy navigation
- Chapter One: Known Basic Notions (may be skipped by climate specialists)
- Chapter Two: Problems of Climate Theory and Solutions (may be skipped to avoid basic physics)
2.1 The reason for this book: the problems of water vapours, albedo, opposition to reforestation
2.2.1 The greenhouse effect (GHE) in vegetated areas may be actually smaller than in desert areas.
2.2.2 Through its anti-entropic activity, vegetation is a driver of climate through its attraction of clouds, humidity pumping with the ocean, high precipitation extraction from air, and temperature regulation, thus there should be a radiative forcing of the anthropogenic changes in vegetation.
2.2.3 The change from low thick clouds to high tin clouds is confirmed to warm the climate.
2.3 The correlation through albedo of planetary and ground temperatures is unreliable.
2.3.1 Albedo is disconnected from temperature by atmosphere and the greenhouse effect.
2.3.2 The greenhouse effect of a gas does not depend on the residence time of its molecules.
2.4 Due to Divided Heat Emission (DHE) ground temperature is lower than planetary temperature.
2.5; 2.5.1 Clouds and cloud air might emit more energy in infrared than unclouded areas.
2.5.2 Water decreases the planetary temperature through DDE more than it warms through GHE.
2.5.4 Latent cooling is more powerful than sensible cooling, thus vegetation should be preferred.
2.5.5 Air temperature and the greenhouse effect are larger in deforested areas than in tree areas.
2.6 Through their clouds and decreased GHE, trees still cool substantially the surface and the Earth .
2.6.1 Deforestation since 1750 might have produced a radiative forcing larger than the carbon gasses.
2.6.2 The radiation flux (not RF) due to land use since 1750 could be around 1.9W/m2.
2.6.3 Cloud redistribution after Sahara desertification might have increased Earth’s RF by 1W/m2.
2.7 Water is the solution, as it cools under the clouds, and also decreases planetary temperature.
3.1 Humans could spread and take over the world only through a skilled use of fire.
3.2 The hunter-gatherers extensively used fire, creating deserts in S. Africa, India and Australia.
3.3; 3.3.1 The agriculturalists deforested and created deserts in the Middle East, North Africa
3.4 The pastoralists deforested the Eurasian steppe and generated three large migratory waves.
3.4.1 Goat and camel keeping creates strong positive feedback with dryness and desertification
3.5 The end of Holocene warming was likely due to anthropogenic deforestation/desertification.
3.6 Present glaciation was probably avoided due to the heating of prehistoric deforestations.
3.7 Vulnerability estimations do not properly consider the anthropogenic factors.
3.8 The clearings in forests for houses and roads are a main cause of catastrophic forest fires.
4 Chapter Four: Deforestation especially of coastlines has produced dryness and climate change.
4.1 The very significant anthropogenic RF of deforestation.
4.2 Crop clearings in forests and urban islands in crop areas warm-up and re-distribute rainfall.
4.3 The anthropogenic cycle: deforest the land, overuse it, neglect and lose the soil, move along.
4.4 Once drought begins, it rapidly amplifies through an avalanche (positive feedback) process.
4.5.1 Coastal deforestation produces a hot air curtain (HAC) which dries up the inland areas.
4.5.2 Each 8km2 of HAC tropical deforestation can produce similar ground-level heating as a 600MW power plant.
4.5.3 The avalanche solar heating (ASH) uses the heat of a tree cleared area to dry other areas.
4.5.4 The power of Sahara ASH is around 15 times more than that of the human society.
4.6 After they burn, forest mega-fires increase hundreds of times global warming for years.
5 Chapter Five: Our relationship with Nature and its minimal requirements.
5.1 Earth and its creatures were totally changed, and their evolution has been substantially altered.
5.2 As masters of this world, we have taken the right of life and death on all the other creatures.
5.3 “It would be wise to give the other creatures a fair go. So let them live!”
5.4 The human environment is opposite to the natural one, so they should develop separately.
5.5 Setup necessary Nature Reserves to allow the rest of the land be rationally developed.
6 Chapter Six: The need for rational human settlements and solutions.
6.1 There is a long, totally wasteful and slow transition from country house to city multi-storey.
6.2 Building in optimized city-style from the start avoids future demolition and reconstruction.
6.3 Unitary Rational Buildings (URB) are very compact, self-sustained cities of 20,000 people.
6.4 Before colonizing Mars, it would be much easier to revegetate and colonize Earth deserts.
6.5 There are multiple socio-economic and environmental benefits from building in URB style.
7 Chapter Seven: Climate restoration through proper development, not by stopping development
7.1 Deforesting the coasts for gains, people started HACs and ASHs that now produce losses.
7.1.1 Estimated total anthropogenic climate warming and that since 1750.
7.1.2 Anthropogenic climate change is mainly due to deforestations and organic matter burning.
7.1.3 Coastal deforestations increase continental infrared and solar air heating, which amplify GHE. Intertropical deforestations push precipitations to higher latitudes, overheating and flooding them.
7.1.4 Slow down climate change by stopping net deforestation, forest fires, goats, CO2 emissions.
7.2.1 Temporally, climate change is not desired; thus, we should decrease, not increase changes.
7.2.2 Spatially, regional climates are important because their resultant is the global climate.
7.2.3 Climate restoration can be done by revegetating the medium-low latitudes with useful trees
7.2.4 Water is beneficial, as the greenhouse effect may be smaller in a forest than in a desert.
7.2.5 The anthroposphere under 5000m altitude includes our interests and the low thick clouds.
7.2.6 We should create conditions for low thick clouds and prevent formation of high thin clouds
7.2.7 Agricultural production per hectare could quadruple by replacing pastures with fruit trees.
7.3 Avalanche Greening and Cooling (AGC) is a self-propagating regional climate restoring method
7.3.1.1 The water cycle tools collect rainwater, while vegetation and EC properly evaporate it.
7.3.1.2 Carbon dioxide can be expensively sequestered artificially, or just naturally with trees.
7.3.1.3.1 Trees are the most efficient and inexpensive water management and carbon storage tool
7.3.1.3.2 Lines of trees should be planted in crop fields and pastures to protect climate and soils.
7.3.1.3.3 Tree ownership prevents forest fires and assures trees are cared for and protected.
7.3.1.3.4 Trees humidity pumps assure that that there are rivers to irrigate and fertilize the land.
7.3.1.3.5 Green canopies provide shade and evapotranspiration where trees cannot be used.
7.3.1.3.6 Grasses have lower usefulness than trees, protect less the soil and store far less carbon.
7.3.1.3.7 Tree organic carbon aerosols seed the clouds for precipitation and reflect solar radiation.
7.3.1.4 Soils, as the natural support of life, are very precious and must be protected and enhanced
7.3.1.5 Urban aeroponics on flat roofs can provide shade, evapotranspiration and fresh produce.
7.3.1.6 Reflective surfaces on tilted urban roofs could be used where green canopies are not.
7.3.2 AGC prevents solar air heating with evapotranspiration, stops HAC and rehabilitates the land
7.3.2.1 For AGC to reach self-propagation, its minimal coastal length should be 5 – 20 kilometres.
7.3.2.2 Artificial evaporative cooling (EC) should compensate for minimal evapotranspiration rate.
7.3.2.3 Water reservoirs assure that no rainwater returns to the sea.
7.3.2.4 High plant density is essential and should assure minimal specific evaporative losses.
7.3.2.5 EC in cities may be sprinklers or humidified sunshades, or additions to green canopies.
7.3.2.6 Crop-fields and pastures require tree lines for shading, especially at less than 450 latitudes.
7.3.2.7 The AGC increases precipitation as vegetation increases and water needs more storage.
7.3.2.8 Coastlines with sloping terrain and optional rain troughs enhance precipitation.
7.3.2.9 The AGC advances inland when the water capacity of the reservoirs becomes insufficient.
7.3.2.10 Global scale AGC would increase water retention on land and decrease sea level.
7.3.2.11 The economics of AGC is highly beneficial in time, but it requires start-up capital.
7.3.2.12 An AGC example start-up from the coast with most of the different land-use types.
7.3.3 Sources of high thin clouds like land hot spots and airplane contrails should be diminished.
7.3.4 Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewables requires new solutions, more time and energy.
7.3.5 Estimations of the needed tree planted area in certain regions to re-balance climate.
7.3.5.1 The carbon requirement for revegetation for the next 200 years.
7.3.5.2 Total Earth reforestation is impossible because of the lack of carbon and our need of land.
7.3.5.3 The revegetation needed in 50-100 years for the atmospheric CO2 to stay stay low.
7.3.5.4 The tree planting needed to compensate for the 1,50C excess .
7.3.5.5 AGC and new useful trees at low latitudes can resolve global warming and climate change.
7.3.6 AGC work does not require skilled workers; the URB requires construction workers.
7.3.6.1 Indonesia could have a modern capital, without changing the regional climate.
7.3.6.1.1 Somalia was deforested in the past and is now a desert with the lowest rainfall.
7.3.6.1.2 The large Borneo creates its own weather, thus should be covered with useful trees
7.3.6.1.3 A classical capital of 600km2 would be equivalent to heating by 95 power plants.
7.3.6.2 Africa was the first inhabited continent and has the largest anthropogenic deserts
7.3.6.2.1 Central African deforestation would create a single large desert in all Africa
7.3.6.2.2 Madagascar should be revegetated with useful trees for Central Africa precipitations
7.3.6.2.3 Somalia could be revegetated, to allow Indian Ocean humidity reach again Sahara
7.3.6.2.4 Sahara could be revegetated with AGC from N to S, for international benefit
7.3.6.2.5 Egypt could participate in an international AGC, or integrate it with its national plans
7.3.6.3 The USA could restore a beneficial climate with optimized measures including useful trees
7.3.6.4 Australia is surrounded by oceans; thus, regular precipitation in its central areas is possible
7.3.6.4.1 Pre-human conditions were lush vegetation with tall trees and large fauna
7.3.6.4.2 The anthropogenic period meant deforestation from 70,000 years to present
7.3.6.4.3 Present conditions influencing climate are dominated by droughts and soil erosion
7.3.6.4.4 Restoring Australian land and climate is possible and would be highly beneficial
7.3.6.4.5 The understanding of the factors and their interplay is the first requirement
7.3.6.4.6 Stop climate change and damage through efficient measures
7.3.6.4.7 Territorial planning and restructuring with participation of major involved parties
7.3.6.4.8 The AGC implementation is possible and highly beneficial from the beginning
7.3.6.5 South America must urgently plant useful trees to provide for the needs of its people and to restore its regular large precipitation which this way would stop flooding the rest of the world
7.4 Earth’s water budget might be in slight deficit through water loss to the cosmic space.
7.5 Meteorology suggestions would be useful for the future climate studies
7.6 Advantages of revegetation over geoengineering are overwhelming
7.7 There is need of unity of all parties involved in climate restoration for their common benefits
7.8 Suggested urgent actions needed to achieve proper understanding and stop climate damage